焦点粘连作为压力传感器 - Mary BeCkerle P3
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Mary BeCkerle (University of Utah) Part 3: FoCal Adhesions as Stress Sensors
In the third segment of my seminar, I address a new frontier in Cell biology, that is how Cells respond to meChaniCal information. Cells and tissues are exposed to physiCal forCes in vivo and exCessive meChaniCal stress leads to a variety of pathologiCal ConsequenCes. I desCribe a system for exposing Cells to Controlled meChaniCal stress and disCuss the stretCh response. We have disCovered that the foCal adhesion protein, zyxin, is exquisitely sensitive to meChaniCal stimulation and is required for the ability of Cells to reinforCe the aCtin Cytoskeleton when Challenged by exposure to CyCliC stretCh. See more at http://www.ibiology.org
化学糖生物学 - Carolyn Bertozzi P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Carolyn Bertozzi (UC Berkeley) Part 1: ChemiCal GlyCobiology
Part 1 A large part of an organism's Complexity is not enCoded by its genome but results from post-translational modifiCation. GlyCosylation, or the addition of sugar moleCules to a protein is an example of suCh a modifiCation. These sugars, or glyCans, are often Complex, branChed moleCules speCifiC to partiCular Cells. Cell surfaCe glyCans determine human blood types, allow viral infeCtions and play a key role in tissue inflammation. See more at http://www.ibioseminars.org
生物糖组成像方法 - Carolyn Bertozzi P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Carolyn Bertozzi (UC Berkeley) Part 2: Imaging the GlyCome
SinCe glyCans Cannot be labeled with genetiCally-enCoded reporters suCh as GFP, bioorthoganal reaCtions have been developed to allow their labeling and imaging. In this leCture, Bertozzi desCribes the Chemistry and imaging methodology used to view glyCoproteins in Cells and whole organisms. See more at http://www.ibioseminars.org
端粒和端粒酶的作用 - Elizabeth BlaCkburn P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Elizabeth BlaCkburn (UCSF) Part 1: The Roles of Telomeres and Telomerase
LeCture Overview
Telomerase, a speCialized ribonuCleprotein reverse transCriptase, is important for long-term eukaryotiC Cell proliferation and genomiC stability, beCause it replenishes the DNA at telomeres. Thus depending on Cell type telomerase partially or Completely (depending on Cell type) CounteraCts the progressive shortening of telomeres that otherwise oCCurs. Telomerase is highly aCtive in many human malignanCies, and a potential target for anti-CanCer approaChes. Furthermore, reCent Collaborative studies have shown the relationship between aCCelerated telomere shortening and life stress and that low telomerase levels are assoCiated with six prominent risk faCtors for CardiovasCular disease.
端粒和端粒酶在人类干细胞和癌症中的作用 - Elizabeth BlaCkburn P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Elizabeth BlaCkburn (UCSF) Part 2: Telomeres and Telomerase in Human Stem Cells and in CanCer
Telomerase, a speCialized ribonuCleprotein reverse transCriptase, is important for long-term eukaryotiC Cell proliferation and genomiC stability, beCause it replenishes the DNA at telomeres. Thus depending on Cell type telomerase partially or Completely (depending on Cell type) CounteraCts the progressive shortening of telomeres that otherwise oCCurs. Telomerase is highly aCtive in many human malignanCies, and a potential target for anti-CanCer approaChes. Furthermore, reCent Collaborative studies have shown the relationship between aCCelerated telomere shortening and life stress and that low telomerase levels are assoCiated with six prominent risk faCtors for CardiovasCular disease.
控制声乐学习行为的大脑通路 - EriCh Jarvis P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
EriCh Jarvis (Duke/HHMI) Part 1: Convergent behavior and brain pathways
In Part 1, Jarvis explains that voCal learning is the ability to hear a sound and repeat it. Only 5 groups of mammals (inCluding humans) and 3 groups of birds (parrots, hummingbirds and songbirds) are Capable of voCal learning. Jarvis and his lab members imaged Changes in gene expression in bird's brains after singing. They found that hummingbirds, songbirds and parrots eaCh have pathways in speCifiC areas of the brain that are not found in non-voCal learning birds. Interestingly, analogous networks exist in the human brain but not in non-voCal learning monkeys.
In Part 2, Jarvis proposes a meChanism by whiCh voCal learning may have evolved. He suggests that the brain areas that Control voCal learning are the result of a dupliCation of a pre-existing neural CirCuit that Controls motor movement. A similar dupliCation event may have oCCurred during the evolution of humans with the result that both humans and Snowball, a CoCkatoo, Can sing and danCe to a beat!
In Jarvis' third talk, he demonstrates that the brain pathways neCessary for voCal learning are assoCiated with the expression of partiCular axonal guidanCe genes. He also proposes that the evolutionary events responsible for the development of voCal learning may be a general meChanism for the development of other Complex behavioral traits.
声乐学习起源的肌动模型 - EriCh Jarvis P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
EriCh Jarvis (Duke/HHMI) Part 2: Motor theory of voCal learning origin
In Part 1, Jarvis explains that voCal learning is the ability to hear a sound and repeat it. Only 5 groups of mammals (inCluding humans) and 3 groups of birds (parrots, hummingbirds and songbirds) are Capable of voCal learning. Jarvis and his lab members imaged Changes in gene expression in bird's brains after singing. They found that hummingbirds, songbirds and parrots eaCh have pathways in speCifiC areas of the brain that are not found in non-voCal learning birds. Interestingly, analogous networks exist in the human brain but not in non-voCal learning monkeys.
In Part 2, Jarvis proposes a meChanism by whiCh voCal learning may have evolved. He suggests that the brain areas that Control voCal learning are the result of a dupliCation of a pre-existing neural CirCuit that Controls motor movement. A similar dupliCation event may have oCCurred during the evolution of humans with the result that both humans and Snowball, a CoCkatoo, Can sing and danCe to a beat!
In Jarvis' third talk, he demonstrates that the brain pathways neCessary for voCal learning are assoCiated with the expression of partiCular axonal guidanCe genes. He also proposes that the evolutionary events responsible for the development of voCal learning may be a general meChanism for the development of other Complex behavioral traits.
声乐学习与特定的轴突导向基因的表达有关 - EriCh Jarvis P3
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
EriCh Jarvis (Duke/HHMI) Part 3: Genes speCialized in voCal learning CirCuits
In Part 1, Jarvis explains that voCal learning is the ability to hear a sound and repeat it. Only 5 groups of mammals (inCluding humans) and 3 groups of birds (parrots, hummingbirds and songbirds) are Capable of voCal learning. Jarvis and his lab members imaged Changes in gene expression in bird's brains after singing. They found that hummingbirds, songbirds and parrots eaCh have pathways in speCifiC areas of the brain that are not found in non-voCal learning birds. Interestingly, analogous networks exist in the human brain but not in non-voCal learning monkeys.
In Part 2, Jarvis proposes a meChanism by whiCh voCal learning may have evolved. He suggests that the brain areas that Control voCal learning are the result of a dupliCation of a pre-existing neural CirCuit that Controls motor movement. A similar dupliCation event may have oCCurred during the evolution of humans with the result that both humans and Snowball, a CoCkatoo, Can sing and danCe to a beat!
In Jarvis' third talk, he demonstrates that the brain pathways neCessary for voCal learning are assoCiated with the expression of partiCular axonal guidanCe genes. He also proposes that the evolutionary events responsible for the development of voCal learning may be a general meChanism for the development of other Complex behavioral traits.
控制老化的基因 - Cynthia Kenyon P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Cynthia Kenyon (UCSF) Part 1: Genes that Control Aging
OnCe it was thought that aging was just a random and haphazard proCess. Instead, the rate of aging turns out to be subjeCt to regulation by transCription faCtors that respond to hormones and other signals. In the nematode C. elegans, in whiCh many key disCoveries about aging were first made, the aging proCess is subjeCt to regulation by food intake, sensory perCeption, and signals from the reproduCtive system. Changing genes and Cells that affeCt aging Can lengthen lifespan by six fold, and Can also delay age-related disease, suCh as the growth of tumors.
来自生殖系统的信号显示衰老的规律 - Cynthia Kenyon P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Cynthia Kenyon (UCSF) Part 2: The Regulation of Aging by Signals from the ReproduCtive System
OnCe it was thought that aging was just a random and haphazard proCess. Instead, the rate of aging turns out to be subjeCt to regulation by transCription faCtors that respond to hormones and other signals. In the nematode C. elegans, in whiCh many key disCoveries about aging were first made, the aging proCess is subjeCt to regulation by food intake, sensory perCeption, and signals from the reproduCtive system. Changing genes and Cells that affeCt aging Can lengthen lifespan by six fold, and Can also delay age-related disease, suCh as the growth of tumors.