Jonathan Drori:存蓄数十亿种子的原因
在TED U 2009的这个简短的演讲中，Jonathan Drori鼓励我们保护生物多样性 -- 从一颗颗种子做起。他提醒我们要保护人类赖以生存的植物，同时他也给大家描述了千年种子库这样一个美好的远景，在这里面，将会有逾30亿颗的种子被人类珍藏，这其中甚至还包括那些正日益减少但却必不可少的植物物种。
E.O. Wilson论生物多样性
作为2007年的TED大奖得主之一，爱德华·威尔逊代表所有的生物，提出我们应当关注生物圈的倡议，并且宣布要建立一个在线的百科全书，记录物种多样性。
Simultaneous quantification of 47 gene expression in FFPE samples by a novel PCR-free approach
基因表达(gene expression)是指细胞在生命过程中，把储存在DNA顺序中遗传信息经过转录和翻译，转变成具有生物活性的蛋白质分子。生物体内的各种功能蛋白质和酶都是同相应的结构基因编码的。差别基因表达(differential gene expression)指细胞分化过程中，奢侈基因按一定顺序表达，表达的基因数约占基因总数的5%～10%。
Ion Torrent测序 - 陈巍学基因（13）
IonTorrent是最新一代的测序技术，它的核心技术是使用半导体技术在化学和数字信息之间建立直接的联系。在半导体芯片的微孔中的微球上固定DNA链，随后依次掺入ACGT。随着每个碱基的掺入，释放出氢离子，在它们穿过每个孔底部时能被检测到，通过对H+ 的检测，实时判读碱基。
解剖学家：Leonardo
Nature Video邀请Windsor Castle来看Leonardo的解剖图，这些手绘图表明了Leonardo在该领域做了大量的工作。他开展实验并得到几个世纪以来未公开的惊人的医学发现，这一发现这已经摇身一变成为欧洲解剖学课题。本视频中向我们展示了其中三个最有趣的解剖学研究。
於莉：新一代Ion半导体测序技术在医学检测与研究中的应用
演讲主要内容：
测序技术的发展
测序的原理
高通量测序仪
基因测序与人类健康
基因测序在临床医学的应用
Ion测序平台介绍
NGS与转化医学
靶向测序解决方案等
陈琦：新一代Ion 半导体测序技术在医学检测与研究中的应用
本次讲座重点介绍Ion 测序技术在临床医学检测与研究中的应用，包括肿瘤个性化 治疗、疾病基因风险预估、无创产前筛查、新生儿遗传病筛查等领域的进展与前景。
李于：SIRT1 Regulation of Energy Metabolism: Attenuation of Hepatic Steatosis and Obesity
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is the hepatocyte-derived hormone that regulates fatty acid metabolism and has potential to treat obesity and diabetes. We recently indicate that hepatic overexpression of SIRT1 in diabetic mice attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. However, the in vivo long-term consequence of hepatic SIRT1 ablation in liver physiology remains unknown.
We showed that hepatocyte-specific SIRT1 knockout (SIRT1 LKO) mice with the albumin Cre-loxP system exhibited a striking phenotype with greater propensity for obesity on a chow diet, characterized by increased whole body mass and fat mass, reduced energy expenditure, and unaltered food intake and physical activity. The obese phenotypes of SIRT1 LKO mice were associated with reduced hepatic and circulating levels of fasting FGF21.
Hepatic impairment of FGF21 repressed expression of key enzymes involving fatty acid oxidation such as CPT1α and MCAD, and inhibited expression of ketogenic enzymes including ACAT1, HMGCS2, HMGCL, and BDH1, thereby reducing plasma β–hydroxybutyrate levels in SIRT1 LKO mice. Moreover, transcriptional activity of a FGF21 promoter-driven luciferase reporter was stimulated by SIRT1 activators, resveratrol and SRT1720, in SIRT1+/+ MEFs, but not in SIRT1-/- MEFs.
The ability of resveratrol and SRT1720 to stimulate FGF21 protein was abolished by SIRT1 H335A inactive mutant or by nicotinamide and splitomicin in HepG2 cells. Induction of FGF21 by SIRT1 activators enhanced expression of key enzymes for fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis.
These in vivo and in vitro findings characterize 1) hepatic SIRT1 as a master regulator of FGF21; 2) SIRT1-dependent activation of FGF21 in liver as a component for adaptive fasting response; and 3) defective hepatic SIRT1 and FGF21 signaling as a key pathological determinant of energy metabolic abnormality and obesity susceptibility.
Erich Gnaiger：Life Style and Mitochondrial Competence – Modern Drugs for T2 Diabetes in Aging and Degenerative Diseases.
D. Swarovski Research Laboratory (Mitochondrial Physiology), Dept. General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University; and OROBOROS INSTRUMENTS, Innsbruck, Austria. - Email: erich.gnaiger@oroboros.at
The contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the etiology of T2 diabetes and a range of preventable metabolic diseases is the subject of intensive current research with world-wide health implications.
Recently these investigations gained depth and scope by technological advances for diagnosis of mitochondrial function by comprehensive OXPHOS analysis using high-resolution respirometry [1,2]. Fundamental questions of a causal relationship, however, between compromised mitochondrial function and development of T2 diabetes remain to be resolved [3,4] to optimize prevention and treatment of insulin resistance.
For preventable diseases such as T2 diabetes, the evolutionary background of mitochondrial competence provides a solid basis for improved and broad application of a well established modern drug, mtLSD.
Post-industrial societies are characterized by a high-energy input lifestyle with diminished physical activity and high incidence of non-transmittable diseases, in comparison to human populations where physical work is essentially important for sustaining life and in which degenerative diseases (T2 diabetes, various cancers, Alzheimer's) are essentially absent [5]. The capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is increased or maintained high by a life style involving endurance exercise and strength training [6].
Life style changes from the age of 20-30 years to the elderly, but is subject to change and intervention. Depending on group selection in cross-sectional studies, OXPHOS capacity declines from the age of 20-30 years [7,8], or is independent of age up to 80 years [9,10].
Independent of age, there is a strong decline of OXPHOS capacity in human vastus lateralis from BMI of 20 to 30 [1]. At a BMI >30, a threshold OXPHOS capacity is reached in human v. lateralis that may be characteristic of a low-grade inflammatory state (‘mitochondrial fever’).
onset of degenerative diseases (T2 diabetes, neuromuscular degeneration, various cancers) and mitochondrial dysfunction interact in an amplification loop progressing slowly with age, such that cause and effect of mitochondrial dysfunction cannot be distinguished. Diminished antioxidant capacity at low mitochondrial density is an important mechanistic candidate in the state of mitochondrial fever.
For implementing a life style supporting mitochondrial competence and preventing degenerative diseases in modern societies, we need (1) extended research programmes focused on the causative link between mitochondrial competence and effective prevention of degenerative diseases, (2) educational programmes on mitochondrial physiology targeted at general practitioners, teachers and the society at large, (3) cooperation of health care and insurance organizations to support preventive life style activities, and (4) do not miss any opportunity in taking the lead in living the mtLife Style Drug (mtLSD).
金颖：Fox3 suppresses NFAT-mediated differentiation to maintain self-renewal of embryonic stem cells
金颖教授为分子发育生物学研究室主任，健康科学中心研究员。金教授介绍了Fox3通过抑制NFAT介导的分化维持了胚胎干细胞的自我更新的机制等前沿发现。
Pluripotency-associated transcription factor Foxd3 is required for maintaining pluripotent cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its function are largely unknown.
Here, we report that Foxd3 suppresses differentiation induced by Calcineurin-NFAT signaling to maintain the ESC identity. Mechanistically, Foxd3 interacts with NFAT proteins and recruits co-repressor Tle4, a member of the Tle suppressor family highly expressed in undifferentiated ESCs, to repress NFATc3’s transcriptional activities.
Furthermore, global transcriptome analysis shows that Foxd3 and NFATc3 co-regulate a set of differentiation-associated genes in ESCs. Collectively, our study establishes a molecular and functional link between a pluripotency-associated factor and an important ESC differentiation-inducing pathway.