刘鑫：体记忆运动健康的4.0时代
中国的运动健康的发展，从最初 70 年代的的全民健身口号到广播操、大众健身、体育推广等，发展到 90 年代健身开始个人更有目的，有针对性的健身训练；进入 21 世纪后，人们开始意识到运动的专业性与科学性，直至今天，移动互联网时代的发展，造就了体记忆的运动健康 4.0 时代，智能手机、随时随地锻炼、科学的指导等让运动更加科学性、有针对性和便捷性。
肌动蛋白与细胞运动
Illustration of the role of actin polymers in cell movement and its conservation across species. Movies of moving neutrophils, amoeba and fish keratinocytes or skin cells. (3 movies)
运动蛋白的介绍
Molecular motor proteins are fascinating enzymes that power much of the movement performed by living organisms. In the first part of this lecture, I will provide an overview of the motors that move along cytoskeletal tracks (kinesin and dynein which move along microtubules and myosin which moves along actin). The main focus of this lecture is on how motor proteins work. How does a nanoscale protein convert energy from ATP hydrolysis into unidirectional motion and force production? What tools do we have at our disposal to study them? The first part of the lecture will focus on these questions for kinesin (a microtubule-based motor) and myosin (an actin-based motor), since they have been the subject of extensive studies and good models for their mechanisms have emerged. I conclude by discussing the importance of understanding motor proteins for human disease, in particular illustrating a recent biotechnology effort from Cytokinetics, Inc. to develop drugs that activate cardiac myosins to improve cardiac contractility in patients suffering from heart failure. The first part of the lecture is directed to a general audience or a beginning graduate class.
In the second part of this lecture, I will discuss our laboratories current work on the mechanism of movement by dynein, a motor protein about which we still know very little. This is a research story in progress, where some advances have been made. However, much remains to be done in order to understand how this motor works.
The third (last) part of the lecture is on mitosis, the process by which chromosomes are aligned and then segregated during cell division. I will describe our efforts to find new proteins that are important for mitosis through a high throughput RNAi screen. I will discuss how we technically executed the screen and then focus on new proteins that are we discovered that are involved in generating the microtubules that compose the mitotic spindle. I also discuss the medical importance of studying mitosis, including the development of drugs targeted to mitotic motor proteins, which are currently undergoing testing in clinical trials.
单分子分析方法研究运动蛋白
Molecular motor proteins are fascinating enzymes that power much of the movement performed by living organisms. In the first part of this lecture, I will provide an overview of the motors that move along cytoskeletal tracks (kinesin and dynein which move along microtubules and myosin which moves along actin). The main focus of this lecture is on how motor proteins work. How does a nanoscale protein convert energy from ATP hydrolysis into unidirectional motion and force production? What tools do we have at our disposal to study them? The first part of the lecture will focus on these questions for kinesin (a microtubule-based motor) and myosin (an actin-based motor), since they have been the subject of extensive studies and good models for their mechanisms have emerged. I conclude by discussing the importance of understanding motor proteins for human disease, in particular illustrating a recent biotechnology effort from Cytokinetics, Inc. to develop drugs that activate cardiac myosins to improve cardiac contractility in patients suffering from heart failure. The first part of the lecture is directed to a general audience or a beginning graduate class.
In the second part of this lecture, I will discuss our laboratories current work on the mechanism of movement by dynein, a motor protein about which we still know very little. This is a research story in progress, where some advances have been made. However, much remains to be done in order to understand how this motor works.
The third (last) part of the lecture is on mitosis, the process by which chromosomes are aligned and then segregated during cell division. I will describe our efforts to find new proteins that are important for mitosis through a high throughput RNAi screen. I will discuss how we technically executed the screen and then focus on new proteins that are we discovered that are involved in generating the microtubules that compose the mitotic spindle. I also discuss the medical importance of studying mitosis, including the development of drugs targeted to mitotic motor proteins, which are currently undergoing testing in clinical trials.
快速细胞运动的力学和动力学
在第二次演讲中，塞里奥特解释说，鱼角膜基质细胞，是研究细胞快速运动的一个优秀的系统。通过细胞的肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的标记，研究和她的同事们能够按照跛脚的肌动蛋白周转在伪足。出乎意料的是，他们发现，肌球蛋白II在肌动蛋白的分布起着重要的作用拆卸在电池的后部和肌球蛋白的非对称定位在细胞的后面似乎支配细胞的旋转。类似的机制，肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的合作似乎推动快速移动在这两个鱼角质形成细胞和人类中性粒细胞。