为什么女性服药会有更严重的副作用
对过去近百年，允许上市的药品都只在男性病人身上进行试验，导致女性用药时面临剂量不当和不容许的副作用。女性和男性生理不同的重要性，最近才被考虑进医学研究领域。急诊医生Alyson McGregor研究这些差异，并在这场精彩的演讲中讨论了男性如何成为医学研究模式的历史，以及如何藉由了解两性的差异，促成对两性更有效的治疗方法。
为什么基因治疗能成为消灭HIV的合理工具 - David Baltimore P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
David Baltimore (Caltech) Part 2: Why Gene Therapy Might be a Reasonable Tool for Attacking HIV
Lecture Overview:
In this set of lectures, I describe the threat facing the world from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a bold proposal on how we might meet the challenge of eliminating this disease by engineering the immune system.
In part 1, I provide a broad introduction to viruses, describing their basic properties and my own history of studying the replication of RNA viruses which led to the discovery of reverse transcriptase. I also illustrate the distinguishing features of equilibrium viruses (e.g. the common cold) that have adapted to co-exist with their host and non-equilibrium viruses (e.g. HIV) that have recently jumped from another species, are not adapted to the new host, and which can lead to disastrous outcomes (e.g. loss of immune function with potential lethality in the case of HIV).
In part 2, I describe the growing health problem that is facing the world with the spread of HIV and the limitations of current drug therapies and vaccine strategies. We need new ideas for tackling this problem. Here and in the next segment, I describe bold strategies of using gene therapy to conquer HIV, The approach that I describe in this segment involves gene therapy to produce short hairpin RNAs (siRNA) that target the destruction of a critical co-receptor of HIV, which the viruses that needs to infect cells. I discuss initial proof-of-principle experiments that suggest this approach might be feasible and the next steps needed to develop this idea into a real therapy.
In this last segment, I describe another gene therapy strategy for HIV in which we propose to develop antibody-like proteins that can be expressed by a patient's B cells and will target the HIV virus for destruction. To achieve this objective, hematopoietic (blood) stem cells must to be targeted with the gene, which will ultimately develop into B cells that express the therapeutic molecule. The ultimate goal is to produce a life-long supply of anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies. In this lecture, I describe the molecular methods underlying this strategy and a development path from proof-of-principle studies in mouse to safe trials in humans. This project receives funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Speaker Bio:
After serving as President of the California Institute of Technology for nine years, in 2006 David Baltimore was appointed President Emeritus and the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology. Born in New York City, he received his B.A. in Chemistry from Swarthmore College in 1960 and a Ph.D. in 1964 from Rockefeller University, where he returned to serve as President from 1990-91 and faculty member until 1994.
For almost 30 years, Baltimore was a faculty member at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. While his early work was on poliovirus, in 1970 he identified the enzyme reverse transcriptase in tumor virus particles, thus providing strong evidence for a process of RNA to DNA conversion, the existence of which had been hypothesized some years earlier. Baltimore and Howard Temin (with Renato Dulbecco, for related research) shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery, which provided the key to understanding the life-cycle of HIV. In the following years, he has contributed widely to the understanding of cancer, AIDS and the molecular basis of the immune response. His present research focuses on control of inflammatory and immune responses as well as on the use of gene therapy methods to treat HIV and cancer in a program called "Engineering Immunity".
Baltimore played an important role in creating a consensus on national science policy regarding recombinant DNA research. He served as founding director of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at MIT from 1982 until 1990. He co-chaired the 1986 National Academy of Sciences committee on a National Strategy for AIDS and was appointed in 1996 to head the National Institutes of Health AIDS Vaccine Research Committee.
In addition to receiving the Nobel Prize, Baltimore's numerous honors include the 1999 National Medal of Science, election to the National Academy of Sciences in 1974, the Royal Society of London, and the French Academy of Sciences. For 2007/8, he is President of the AAAS. He has published more than 600 peer-reviewed articles.
进化，为什么它重要
Isn't evolution about the past? "No!" says Miller, evolution is an ongoing process that explains many questions in modern cell biology. By not teaching evolution in school, Miller worries that a generation will grow up not trusting science or the scientific method.
抗衰老生物学：为什么我们的身体会衰老呢？
为什么我们的身体会衰老？我们能就此做怎样的努力？影响我们衰老的因素是什么？本讲座就围绕人类衰老，讨论引起衰老的原因：细胞的成熟衰老，基因的增殖分裂；如何留住充满活力与生机的寿命，保证身体健康提高生活品质：衰老的干预性（热量限制），基因突变的特征；探讨了关于衰老的理论，指出其中需要解决的问题；以及老龄化研究的所面临的困难等等话题。让我们对老龄化研究成果和所面临的挑战有了更加全面深入的了解与认识。相信从此讲座中你一定可以了解到一些之前不曾接触到的新信息！
表观遗传学：为什么你的DNA是不够的
在他的视频第一，Allis博士介绍了表观遗传学的概念; 细胞表型的变化，不是由于DNA突变但由于蛋白质的化学修饰，导致基因的变化在基因激活。在细胞核内，DNA缠绕在组蛋白形成染色质。包装的染色质的紧密程度决定了基因是活动的还是积极或不。这个开关之间的“开和关”状态的染色质是由组蛋白的化学修饰调节。都是描述工作从他的实验室和其他确定的酶：删除和识别组蛋白修饰。组蛋白修饰的变化可能会导致一些疾病，包括可以基因突变与表观遗传修饰的关键区别是，表观遗传改变是可逆的，使他们一个有吸引力的药物靶标。
