病毒结构的一般原则 - Stephen HaRRIson P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Stephen HaRRIson (Harvard) Part 1: Virus structures: General principles
HaRRIson begins his talk by asking why most non-enveloped viruses and some enveloped viruses are symmetrical in shape. He proceeds to show us lovely images of the structures obtained by x-ray crystallography of numerous viral coat proteins. Deciphering these structures allowed scientists to understand that viral coat proteins form multimers, such as dimers and pentamers, which in turn interact with a scaffold that ensures that the coat proteins are correctly placed. This arrangement results in symmetrically shaped viruses.
In Part 1, HaRRIson also explains that enveloped viruses infect cells by inducing the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. He delves deeper into the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion driven by the hemagglutinin or HA protein of the influenza virus in Part 2 of his talk.
Non-enveloped viruses, on the other hand, must enter cells by a mechanism other than membrane fusion. This is the focus of Part 3. Using rotavirus as a model, HaRRIson and his colleagues have used a combination of Xray crystallography and electron cryomicroscopy to decipher how the spike protein on the viral surface changes its conformation and perforates the cell membrane allowing the virus to enter the cell.
病毒的膜融合 - Stephen HaRRIson P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Stephen HaRRIson (Harvard) Part 2: Viral membrane fusion
HaRRIson begins his talk by asking why most non-enveloped viruses and some enveloped viruses are symmetrical in shape. He proceeds to show us lovely images of the structures obtained by x-ray crystallography of numerous viral coat proteins. Deciphering these structures allowed scientists to understand that viral coat proteins form multimers, such as dimers and pentamers, which in turn interact with a scaffold that ensures that the coat proteins are correctly placed. This arrangement results in symmetrically shaped viruses.
In Part 1, HaRRIson also explains that enveloped viruses infect cells by inducing the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. He delves deeper into the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion driven by the hemagglutinin or HA protein of the influenza virus in Part 2 of his talk.
Non-enveloped viruses, on the other hand, must enter cells by a mechanism other than membrane fusion. This is the focus of Part 3. Using rotavirus as a model, HaRRIson and his colleagues have used a combination of Xray crystallography and electron cryomicroscopy to decipher how the spike protein on the viral surface changes its conformation and perforates the cell membrane allowing the virus to enter the cell.
非包膜病毒如何侵入细胞 - Stephen HaRRIson P3
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Stephen HaRRIson (Harvard) Part 3: Non-enveloped virus entry
HaRRIson begins his talk by asking why most non-enveloped viruses and some enveloped viruses are symmetrical in shape. He proceeds to show us lovely images of the structures obtained by x-ray crystallography of numerous viral coat proteins. Deciphering these structures allowed scientists to understand that viral coat proteins form multimers, such as dimers and pentamers, which in turn interact with a scaffold that ensures that the coat proteins are correctly placed. This arrangement results in symmetrically shaped viruses.
In Part 1, HaRRIson also explains that enveloped viruses infect cells by inducing the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. He delves deeper into the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion driven by the hemagglutinin or HA protein of the influenza virus in Part 2 of his talk.
Non-enveloped viruses, on the other hand, must enter cells by a mechanism other than membrane fusion. This is the focus of Part 3. Using rotavirus as a model, HaRRIson and his colleagues have used a combination of Xray crystallography and electron cryomicroscopy to decipher how the spike protein on the viral surface changes its conformation and perforates the cell membrane allowing the virus to enter the cell.
MoRRIs水迷宫
MoRRIs水迷宫是用于研究空间学习和记忆的最广泛使用的行为学测试之一。在这个任务的初始阶段，老鼠要从水池中出来，必须游到一个平台上。该平台随后被隐藏在水面下，这样该动物需要记住平台的位置才能出来。这个简单但功能强大的迷宫设计可用于测定认知功能，研究神经退行性疾病的动物模型，和测试潜在的药物疗法。
本短片介绍了MoRRIs水迷宫和使用它的基本原则，包括讨论在迷宫中测试不同类型的记忆，设计和进行实验时要考虑的关键因素，以及准备和操作实验的步骤。短片还分析了迷宫的几个应用，比如研究放射治疗如何可能导致记忆障碍的。最后，介绍了其他类型的水迷宫，如八臂迷宫，以显示这个迷宫是如何能适用于研究不同类型的记忆的。
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