Regenerative medicine for brAIn and nerve repAIr
We isolated and propagated neural stem cells from the exposed brAIn tissue of the patients with open brAIn trauma, and then implanted neural stem cells with MRI-guided stereotactic device for the patients. Within 2-years follow-ups, the patients were investigated for functional recovery. Contrast to the case control group, implantation of neural stem cells was associated with a significant improvement in patient's neurological function. Investigations of stem cell therapy have required analysis of the fate and migration of implanted neural stem cells. Here, We demonstrate the feasibility of labeling human neural stem cells and retinal stem cells with nanoparticle and tracking of implanted cells in monkey and human central nervous system (CNS). This data demonstrates the possibility of stem cell therapy in CNS and collectively provide necessary foundation for overcoming challenges to the enhancement of translational regenerative medicine of brAIn and optic nerve injury.
immunotherapy agAInst cancers(position of sellular therapy)
Regenerative medicine for brAIn and nerve repAIr
We isolated and propagated neural stem cells from the exposed brAIn tissue of the patients with open brAIn trauma, and then implanted neural stem cells with MRI-guided stereotactic device for the patients. Within 2-years follow-ups, the patients were investigated for functional recovery. Contrast to the case control group, implantation of neural stem cells was associated with a significant improvement in patient's neurological function. Investigations of stem cell therapy have required analysis of the fate and migration of implanted neural stem cells. Here, We demonstrate the feasibility of labeling human neural stem cells and retinal stem cells with nanoparticle and tracking of implanted cells in monkey and human central nervous system (CNS). This data demonstrates the possibility of stem cell therapy in CNS and collectively provide necessary foundation for overcoming challenges to the enhancement of translational regenerative medicine of brAIn and optic nerve injury.
Erich GnAIger：Life Style and Mitochondrial Competence – Modern Drugs for T2 Diabetes in Aging and Degenerative Diseases.
D. Swarovski Research Laboratory (Mitochondrial Physiology), Dept. General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University; and OROBOROS INSTRUMENTS, Innsbruck, Austria. - EmAIl: erich.gnAIger@oroboros.at
The contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the etiology of T2 diabetes and a range of preventable metabolic diseases is the subject of intensive current research with world-wide health implications.
Recently these investigations gAIned depth and scope by technological advances for diagnosis of mitochondrial function by comprehensive OXPHOS analysis using high-resolution respirometry [1,2]. Fundamental questions of a causal relationship, however, between compromised mitochondrial function and development of T2 diabetes remAIn to be resolved [3,4] to optimize prevention and treatment of insulin resistance.
For preventable diseases such as T2 diabetes, the evolutionary background of mitochondrial competence provides a solid basis for improved and broad application of a well established modern drug, mtLSD.
Post-industrial societies are characterized by a high-energy input lifestyle with diminished physical activity and high incidence of non-transmittable diseases, in comparison to human populations where physical work is essentially important for sustAIning life and in which degenerative diseases (T2 diabetes, various cancers, Alzheimer's) are essentially absent [5]. The capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is increased or mAIntAIned high by a life style involving endurance exercise and strength trAIning [6].
Life style changes from the age of 20-30 years to the elderly, but is subject to change and intervention. Depending on group selection in cross-sectional studies, OXPHOS capacity declines from the age of 20-30 years [7,8], or is independent of age up to 80 years [9,10].
Independent of age, there is a strong decline of OXPHOS capacity in human vastus lateralis from BMI of 20 to 30 [1]. At a BMI >30, a threshold OXPHOS capacity is reached in human v. lateralis that may be characteristic of a low-grade inflammatory state (‘mitochondrial fever’).
Onset of degenerative diseases (T2 diabetes, neuromuscular degeneration, various cancers) and mitochondrial dysfunction interact in an amplification loop progressing slowly with age, such that cause and effect of mitochondrial dysfunction cannot be distinguished. Diminished antioxidant capacity at low mitochondrial density is an important mechanistic candidate in the state of mitochondrial fever.
For implementing a life style supporting mitochondrial competence and preventing degenerative diseases in modern societies, we need (1) extended research programmes focused on the causative link between mitochondrial competence and effective prevention of degenerative diseases, (2) educational programmes on mitochondrial physiology targeted at general practitioners, teachers and the society at large, (3) cooperation of health care and insurance organizations to support preventive life style activities, and (4) do not miss any opportunity in taking the lead in living the mtLife Style Drug (mtLSD).
金颖：Fox3 suppresses NFAT-mediated differentiation to mAIntAIn self-renewal of embryonic stem cells
金颖教授为分子发育生物学研究室主任，健康科学中心研究员。金教授介绍了Fox3通过抑制NFAT介导的分化维持了胚胎干细胞的自我更新的机制等前沿发现。
Pluripotency-associated transcription factor Foxd3 is required for mAIntAIning pluripotent cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its function are largely unknown.
Here, we report that Foxd3 suppresses differentiation induced by Calcineurin-NFAT signaling to mAIntAIn the ESC identity. Mechanistically, Foxd3 interacts with NFAT proteins and recruits co-repressor Tle4, a member of the Tle suppressor family highly expressed in undifferentiated ESCs, to repress NFATc3’s transcriptional activities.
Furthermore, global transcriptome analysis shows that Foxd3 and NFATc3 co-regulate a set of differentiation-associated genes in ESCs. Collectively, our study establishes a molecular and functional link between a pluripotency-associated factor and an important ESC differentiation-inducing pathway.
患者教育视频：HIV 和 AIDS
This video shows the function of white blood cells in normal immunity. It also portrays how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the immune system and causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Common types of antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV and AIDS are also shown.
布鲁斯·艾伯茨：Learning from FAIlure
Alberts declares "Success doesn't really teach you much, fAIlure teaches you a lot." Speaking from his personal experience, Alberts asserts that all scientists make mistakes and suffer setbacks but learning from those fAIlures is what allows one ultimately to succeed.
PureBlu™ Hoechst 33342 Nuclear StAIning Dye for Live Cells - A Fast Approach to StAIning Nuclei
This brief tutorial demonstrates the use of the PureBlu Hoechst 33342 Dye with the ZOE™ Fluorescent Cell Imager for routine nuclear stAIning in fluorescence microscopy and cell imaging applications.
BrAIn Connectomics
在第3部分，Lichtman询问是否有一天它可能地图上所有的神经连接在大脑中。他描述了允许他的技术进步他的同事们开始这一努力，以及巨大的挑战破译大脑的连接体。