sRNA Induces the LArge-scale Transdetermination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into cells of bone, endothelium, adipose tissue, cartiLAge, muscle, and brain. However, whether they can transdeterminate into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains unsolved. We report here that a subpopuLAtion of human MSCs that are CD44+,CD29+, CD105+, CD166+,CD133-,CD34- could differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells (CD150+/CD133+/CD34+) and their descending blood cells in vitro, when transfected with new endogenous shRNAs The sRNA was high-effectively delivered into MSCs by a novel peptide means. These induced MSC-HSCs could form different types of hematopoietic colonies as nature-occurring HSCs did. Upon transpLAntation into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice, these MSC-HSCs engrafted and differentiated into all hematopoietic lineages such as erythrocytes, lymphocytes, myelocytes and thrombocyte. More importantly, these induced HSCs could successfully engraft and effectively function in patients with severe apLAstic anemia. Furthermore, we demonstrated the first evidence that the transdetermination of MSCs was induced by acetyLAtion of histone proteins and activation of many transcriptional factors. Together, our findings identify the sRNAs that dictates a directed differentiation of MSCs toward HSCs and open up a new source for HSCs used for the treatment of blood diseases and artificial stem cell-made blood.

Herceptin BiosimiLAr GB221（1）

本课程主要讲述了Herceptin BiosimiLAr GB221在澳大利亚的1期临床试验的试验背景，相似性研究结果：N-端序列分析，C-端系列分析，色谱分析，等电点，SE-HPLC纯度比较，CE-SDS纯度比较，CEX电荷异构体比较，N-糖分析和比较，亲和力比较，对BT474细胞增殖抑制作用，GB221体外活性比较，GB221药物作用机制研究等一系列知识讲座。

immunotherapy against cancers(position of selluLAr therapy)

Yuji Heike：免疫治疗（治疗癌症的selluLAr位置）

国际癌症中心（NationalCancerCenter）的YujiHeike教授则带来了癌症的细胞免疫治疗方法。他认为今后组合疗法是癌症治疗的主流方法，并对癌症免疫疗法进行了详细介绍。以PD-1在肺癌中的免疫疗法为案例进行了详细阐述。最后他还号召全亚洲能够加入ACTO，共同合作研究。

Stefan LArsson:医生们可以互相学习

不同医院的不同手术有着不同的结果。但是病人不知道数据, 所以使得选外科医生成为了一个高风险的猜测游戏。

史帝芬·拉森（Stefan LArsson）研究了当医生开始衡量并分享他们的髋关节手术的结果时（比如说什么是最有效的方法）会发生的情况。

如果医生们可以相互学习并形成一个反馈循环，医疗保健会不会变得更好、更便宜？

ALAn Russell:讲人体的再生

ALAn Russell研究的是再生医学 - 以一种突破性的思维方式去看待疾病与损伤，以一种方式向人体发送信号诱导其进行自我修复。

InterpLAys between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Responses

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in almost all tissues and are crucial in maintaining the celluLAr homeostasis of multicelluLAr organisms. They provide the ultimate cell source for tissue repair and regeneration. Under pathological conditions, these cells are awakened, activated, and mobilized to damaged tissue sites. Since tissue damages are often accompanied by infLAmmatory factors, from both innate immune response and adaptive immune response, it is sensible that MSCs delicately interact with infLAmmatory factors at the sites of tissue damages.

Depending on the type and persistence of the infLAmmatory factors, the activated MSCs could lead either to complete or partial tissue repair, or to chronic infLAmmation and further tissue damage, such as cancer and fibrosis. Indeed, recent studies have shown that there is a bidirectional interaction between MSCs and infLAmmatory cells and cytokines. However, much information of this information remains to be elucidated. Further investigations in this newly emerging exciting research area will undoubtedly lead to better understanding of pathogenesis of various diseases and novel treatment strategies.

Frederick BaLAgadde:微芯片上的生化室

要阻止撒哈拉南部非洲各国的疾病流行，仅靠药品是不够的。我们还需要与之配套的诊断工具。TED资深会员Frederick BaLAgadde向我们展示如何通过微型化技术把笨重昂贵的化验室集成至一个芯片大小，从而大大提高它的诊断能力和普及性。

Joel SeLAnikio:令人惊讶的医疗保健大数据革新开端

收集关于全球健康的数据本是一个不完美的过程：工作人员徒步穿过村庄去挨家挨户敲门问问题，在纸质表格上写下答案，然后输入数据——然后从这满是漏洞的信息中，各个国家做出重大的决策。数据极客约尔·塞拉尼科谈论了在过去几十年来关于收集医疗健康数据的质的改变——从掌上电脑到Hotmail，现在又转移到云端。

Duolink® PLA® 技术——加速信号通路发现过程

Duolink® 实验基于近位连接技术(Proximity Ligation Assay, PLA)，当一对PLA probes足够接近时(<40 nm)会产生PLA信号，信号的强弱直接反映了蛋白表达量水平或蛋白互作的强度。Duolink® 实验可在细胞生理状态下，定位检测蛋白-蛋白互作、蛋白表达或蛋白翻译后修饰，检测结果更精确、真实、可靠。