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高敏感微球检测技术或可用于I型糖尿病的早期诊断

  1. I型糖尿病
  2. 微球
  3. 检测技术
  4. 滚环扩增检测技术
  5. 诊断

来源:生物谷 2014-08-15 18:28

近日,来自麻省总医院的科学家通过研究开发了一种基于荧光的新型检测手段,借助该手段利用几微升的血清样本就可以对抗体的敏感性进行检测。

2014年8月14日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,来自麻省总医院的科学家通过研究开发了一种基于荧光的新型检测手段,借助该手段利用几微升的血清样本就可以对抗体的敏感性进行检测,检测的敏感性至少是传统放射性免疫检测敏感性的50多倍,传统的放射性免疫测定手段是当前临床上常用的金标准,相关研究刊登于国际杂志TECHNOLOGY上。

这项新型检测手段对于免疫学试验具有较大的吸引力,因为其可以:1)样本的用量较少;2)也是基于传统的分析系统,比如标准的实时定量PCR,但相比传统的ELISA的方法,这种新型技术的取样容积较少。研究者Martin Yarmush表示,这种新型技术的敏感性较高,这就可以为疾病的检测提供更为准确的检测结果,而且为预测疾病的下一步进展提供一定的帮助。

这种新型检测技术将当前一些技术进行了整合,使得检测过程更加敏感、非放射性以及和临床相关,研究人员希望这种新技术可以作为一种有效工具来对糖尿病风险病人机体的胰岛细胞抗体(Islet cell autoantibodies,ICA)进行早期检测,这对于后期判断干预患者的发病以及预防糖尿病的发生至关重要。

这种新型检测技术基于滚环扩增检测技术(RCA),而且研究者将其设计成了模块以便其可以被应用于其它的抗原-抗体检测过程中。这项研究中研究者揭示了这种新型技术在检测两种不同的自身抗体上的超级检测能力,下一步研究人员计划利用多种工程学修饰来增强这种新技术的功能,包括同时对多种抗原或抗体进行多路检测。(生物谷Bioon.com)

A highly sensitive microsphere-based assay for early detection of Type I diabetes

Shyam Sundhar Bale et al.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease in which deterioration of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells leads to a state of insulin defi ciency. It has been shown that the clinical symptoms of T1DM are preceded by presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) in serum. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) based detection of ICA are the current gold standard for diagnosis of T1DM. While the onset of hyperglycemia is an indicator of onset of T1DM, detection of ICA within the serum is important to differentiate T1DM from ketogenic Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). Due to their limited range of sensitivity, however, RIA cannot detect ICA at low concentrations in serum which could lead to delay in proper diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the use of radioactive species presents major disadvantages including exposure, waste removal, need for specialized licensed facilities to conduct the tests and the time required for the test (> 24 hours). To overcome these limitations, we have developed a rapid, highly sensitive, fl uorescent and microsphere-based assay technique using Rolling Circle Amplifi cation (RCA), to profi le T1DM marker antibodies in serum. This assay utilizes the ability of RCA to detect very small amounts of DNA coupled with microsphere-immobilization resulting in an assay which is at least 50 times more sensitive than RIA. Further, this assay method requires very low volume of sample (5 μL), and can be easily adapted to detect other autoantibodies at similar sensitivities while reducing the assay time to ~6 hours. This powerful technique could enable detection of T1DM markers much earlier than current methods and enable earlier intervention to deter the progression of disease. In addition, the modularity of this assay would have implications for enhancing the sensitivities of any standard ELISA technique.

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