PNAS:青春期开始使用大麻和神经心理健康
来源:美国国家科学院 2012-11-18 15:03
一项研究提示,特别是在青春期开始使用大麻的人群当中,持续使用大麻可能与神经心理的衰退有联系。Madeline H. Meier及其同事对1972年到1973年间出生于新西兰但尼丁(Dunedin)的1037人的群体中的持续使用大麻情况和神经心理功能的联系进行了研究,并且对他们随访到了38岁。这组科研人员发现,报告了持续使用大麻的研究对象表现出了比其他受试者更大的智商衰退。
Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife
Madeline H. Meiera, Avshalom Caspi, Antony Amblere, HonaLee Harringtonb, Renate Houtsb, Richard S. E. Keefed, Kay McDonaldf, Aimee Wardf, Richie Poultonf, and Terrie E. Moffitt
Recent reports show that fewer adolescents believe that regular cannabis use is harmful to health. Concomitantly, adolescents are initiating cannabis use at younger ages, and more adolescents are using cannabis on a daily basis. The purpose of the present study was to test the association between persistent cannabis use and neuropsychological decline and determine whether decline is concentrated among adolescent-onset cannabis users. Participants were members of the Dunedin Study, a prospective study of a birth cohort of 1,037 individuals followed from birth (1972/1973) to age 38 y. Cannabis use was ascertained in interviews at ages 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 y. Neuropsychological testing was conducted at age 13 y, before initiation of cannabis use, and again at age 38 y, after a pattern of persistent cannabis use had developed. Persistent cannabis use was associated with neuropsychological decline broadly across domains of functioning, even after controlling for years of education. Informants also reported noticing more cognitive problems for persistent cannabis users. Impairment was concentrated among adolescent-onset cannabis users, with more persistent use associated with greater decline. Further, cessation of cannabis use did not fully restore neuropsychological functioning among adolescent-onset cannabis users. Findings are suggestive of a neurotoxic effect of cannabis on the adolescent brain and highlight the importance of prevention and policy efforts targeting adolescents.
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