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PNAS: 孕期妈妈的声音和心跳利于胎儿脑部发育

  1. 听觉皮层
  2. 声音
  3. 母亲
  4. 脑部发育

来源:生物谷 2015-03-06 11:00

宝宝在出生前就能听到妈妈的声音和心跳。但是,宝宝脑部的发育究竟是多早或在何种程度上被妈妈的声音所塑造还不得而知。近日,来自美国哈佛医学院和布莱根妇女医院的Amir Lahav团队通过对未足月新生儿的研究,证实了母亲的声音和心跳对于胎儿脑部听力系统的发育非常关键。

PNAS: 孕期妈妈的声音和心跳利于胎儿脑部发育

 
2015年3月5日 讯/生物谷BIOON/--宝宝在出生前就能听到妈妈的声音和心跳。但是,宝宝脑部的发育究竟是多早或在何种程度上被妈妈的声音所塑造还不得而知。近日,来自美国哈佛医学院和布莱根妇女医院的Amir Lahav团队通过对未足月新生儿的研究,证实了母亲的声音和心跳对于胎儿脑部听力系统的发育非常关键。
 
众所周知,脑部发育在很大程度上来自于生命早期各种感官体验的塑造,尤其孕期胎儿的脑部是最为敏感的。然而,妈妈的声音如何影响胎儿脑部的发育还未得到充分研究。Amir Lahav团队选择了40个未足月(25周~32周)出生的宝宝进行了出生后为期1个月观察性研究。新生儿被随机分为两组接受听力培养:第一组听到的是他们母亲的声音和心跳的录音,而第二组听到的是日常医院环境中的噪音。这两组新生儿在其它健康情况方面是相当的。头部的超声检测是在出生后30±3天时进行。测量结果显示,接受母亲声音培养的新生儿比对照组新生儿拥有更大的双侧听觉皮层。左右两侧的听觉皮层的大小主要是取决于孕周而非声音的暴露影响。而头围、额角和胼胝体宽度在两组间无显著性差异。
 
该项研究为胎儿足月前脑部主要听觉皮层发育的可塑性提供了证据,证明虽然胎儿听觉通路未发育完全,但听觉皮层显然对母亲的声音更容易适应。在未来还需要更多的研究去了解早起脑部可塑性的神经元发育和变化及其对宝宝今后听力和语言发育将有何深远的影响。(生物谷Bioon.com)
 
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Mother's voice and heartbeat sounds elicit auditory plasticity in the human brain before full gestation
 
Alexandra R.Webb, Howard T.Heller, Carol B.Benson, Amir Lahav
 
Abstract
 
Brain development is largely shaped by early sensory experience. However, it is currently unknown whether, how early, and to what extent the newborn's brain is shaped by exposure to maternal sounds when the brain is most sensitive to early life programming. The present study examined this question in 40 infants born extremely prematurely (between 25- and 32-wk gestation) in the first month of life. Newborns were randomized to receive auditory enrichment in the form of audio recordings of maternal sounds (including their mother's voice and heartbeat) or routine exposure to hospital environmental noise. The groups were otherwise medically and demographically comparable. Cranial ultrasonography measurements were obtained at 30 ± 3 d of life. Results show that newborns exposed to maternal sounds had a significantly larger auditory cortex (AC) bilaterally compared with control newborns receiving standard care. The magnitude of the right and left AC thickness was significantly correlated with gestational age but not with the duration of sound exposure. Measurements of head circumference and the widths of the frontal horn (FH) and the corpus callosum (CC) were not significantly different between the two groups. This study provides evidence for experience-dependent plasticity in the primary AC before the brain has reached full-term maturation. Our results demonstrate that despite the immaturity of the auditory pathways, the AC is more adaptive to maternal sounds than environmental noise. Further studies are needed to better understand the neural processes underlying this early brain plasticity and its functional implications for future hearing and language development.
 

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