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新一代血小板反应器有望改变输血模式

  1. 医疗器械
  2. 血小板
  3. 输血

来源:生物谷 2014-07-25 11:00

布莱根妇女医院的科学家们最近开发出一种新一代血小板生物反应器,能够在体外产生正常功能的人类血小板。

2014年7月25日讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --布莱根妇女医院的科学家们最近开发出一种新一代血小板生物反应器,能够在体外产生正常功能的人类血小板。这一工作意味着今后患者输血方式可能会带来彻底改变。这一研究被发表在著名期刊Blood上。这一反应器的主要原理是模拟血小板在体内生成环境--骨髓的各种条件,克服了传统生物反应器无法体外大量培养血小板的缺点。

输血是在癌症放化疗、器官移植以及一些紧急医疗事故中常用的治疗手段,在美国每年约有217万单位血小板被患者使用,而这一数字仍在不断扩大。传统输血在很大程度上都依赖于捐献者献血,这不但考验着医疗单位供血能力也为患者用血安全敲响警钟。而这一新型血小板生物反应器的问世将能够极大地缓解这一问题甚至从根本上改变未来医疗中输血的模式。目前研究人员正在对这一反应器进行进一步研究。研究人员希望能够最早在2017年进入临床研究。(生物谷Bioon.com)

详细英文报道:

Scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) have developed a scalable, next-generation platelet bioreactor to generate fully functional human platelets in vitro. The work is a major biomedical advancement that will help address blood transfusion needs worldwide.

The study is published in the journal Blood.

"The ability to generate an alternative source of functional human platelets with virtually no disease transmission represents a paradigm shift in how we collect platelets that may allow us meet the growing need for blood transfusions," said Jonathan Thon, PhD, Division of Hematology, BWH Department of Medicine, lead study author.

According to the researchers, more than 2.17 million platelet units from donors are transfused yearly in the United States to treat patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplantation and surgery, as well as for those needing blood transfusions following a major trauma. However, increasing demand; a limited five-day shelf-life; and risk of contamination, rejection and infection have made blood platelet shortages common.

"Bioreactor-derived platelets theoretically have several advantages over conventional, donor-derived platelets in terms of safety and resource utilization," said William Savage, MD, PhD, medical director, Kraft Family Blood Donor Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, who did not contribute to the study. "A major factor that has limited our ability to compare bioreactor platelets to donor platelets is the inefficiency of growing platelets, a problem that slows progress of clinical research. This study addresses that gap, while contributing to our understanding of platelet biology at the same time."

Blood cells, such as platelets, are made in bone marrow. The bioreactor - a device that mimics a biological environment to carry out a reaction on an industrial scale - uses biologically inspired engineering to fully integrate the major components of bone marrow, modeling both its composition and blood flow characteristics. The microfluidic platelet bioreactor recapitulates features such as bone marrow stiffness, extracellular matrix composition, micro-channel size, and blood flow stability under high-resolution live-cell microscopy to make human platelets.

Application of shear forces of blood flow in the bioreactor triggered a dramatic increase in platelet initiation from 10 percent to 90 percent, leading to functional human platelets.

"By being able to develop a device that successfully models bone marrow represents a crucial bridge connecting our understanding of the physiological triggers of platelet formation to support drug development and scale platelet production," said senior study author Joseph Italiano, Jr., PhD, Division of Hematology, BWH Department of Medicine, and the Vascular Biology Program at Boston Children's Hospital.

In terms of next steps, the researchers would like to commence phase 0/I in human clinical trials in 2017.

"The regulatory bar is appropriately set high for blood products, and it is important to us that we show platelet quality, function and safety over these next three years since we'll likely be recipients of these platelets ourselves at some point," said Thon.

 

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