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献血可能降低夜班工作者心脏病的几率

  1. 夜班工作者
  2. 心脏病
  3. 献血

来源:生物谷 2014-07-04 15:45

研究表明,倒时差会对血红细胞有严重的影响,这也解释了夜班工作者中心脏病高发的原因,献血则可能降低这一风险。

2014年7月4讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --研究表明,倒时差会对血红细胞有严重的影响,这也解释了夜班工作者中心脏病高发的原因。

最近澳大利亚的研究人员通过斑马鱼这种模式生物,模拟了夜间工作者的工作时间。发现这种时差综合症对动物的影响表现红细胞的衰老上。衰老的红细胞会聚集在血管壁上,增加形成血块从而引发心脏病的几率。这也解释了夜班工作者比正常人的心脏病发作几率增加了30%的原因。另外,衰老的红细胞还会降低它们的机能,尤其是在血液中对氧气的运输能力会下降。

同时,研究发现,如果斑马鱼同时暴露在缺氧的环境中,会降低这种时差的影响。因为缺氧会激发新的红细胞的产生,并激活调整日常节律的细胞信号通路。具体表现在缺氧环境应答基因如红细胞生成素的激活上。

研究人员称,人有规律的献血类似于斑马鱼在缺氧环境下的应答,能够激发新的红细胞生成素产生,有可能会降低夜间工作者的心血管疾病的发病几率。(Bioon.com 生物谷)

详细英文报道:

Austrian researchers have found that jetlag has severe effects on red blood cells, possibly explaining the high incidence of heart disease seen in shift workers. However, these effects can be counterbalanced by fresh, young red blood cells -- making blood donations a potential therapy for shift workers.

The scientists, led by Dr Margit Egg (University of Innsbruck), worked on zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model organism which, like humans, is active during the day. The fish were subjected to alternate short (7 hour) and long (21 hour) days, resembling shift patterns common in industry. It was found that "jetlagged" animals showed higher numbers of aged red blood cells, which accumulated in the blood vessels.

Dr Egg says: "Normally there is a balance between newly produced red blood cells and old ones which are removed from the blood." Old cells are less flexible and become stuck in the spleen and liver, where they are engulfed by white blood cells. Jetlag appears to disrupt this removal process, but the researchers are currently unsure why this is the case.

Large aggregates of old red blood cells in the vessels are risky, because this increases the chance of a clot that could lead to a heart attack. This may explain why shift workers have a 30% higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, the decreased functionality of the aged cells reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

The researchers also found that zebrafish were less badly affected by jetlag if they were simultaneously exposed to conditions where oxygen was limiting (known as hypoxia). This is because hypoxia stimulates the production of fresh red blood cells. The cell signalling pathways which regulate daily rhythms and the hypoxic response are intrinsically linked. This is based on the observation that genes activated by hypoxia, such as erythropoietin, which regulates red blood cell production, normally show a daily rhythm of activity which becomes disturbed under hypoxic conditions.

"In zebrafish, hypoxia in combination with jetlag led to the production of fresh red blood cells, counteracting the harmful consequences of jetlag and reducing mortality by 10%," says Dr Egg. "Blood donations in humans also stimulate the generation of new fresh erythrocytes. Therefore, blood donations on a regular basis might be a very simple measure to help decrease the cardiovascular risk in human shift workers."

Professor Egg and her colleagues are currently investigating whether jetlag affects any other physiological processes, apart from the cardiovascular system.

This research was presented at the Society for Experimental Biology Annual Meeting 2014 held at Manchester University, UK, from the 1st -- 4th of July.

 

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