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PLoS ONE:捕食风险和食物质量对蜜蜂采食行为的影响

  1. 捕食风险
  2. 蜜蜂
  3. 采食
  4. 食物质量

来源:中科院版纳植物园 2013-10-13 00:20

捕食不但能直接减少猎物的数量,也能使猎物产生恐惧,从而影响猎物的分布和采食频率等。恐惧导致的实际生态后果可能与直接猎杀一样强烈。对传粉昆虫而言,恐惧能使传粉者避开危险的采食环境,从而干扰植物传粉,影响植物的适合度。然而在有多种捕食者存在和不同食物质量的自然环境下,恐惧是如何影响传粉者行为的尚不清楚。

捕食不但能直接减少猎物的数量,也能使猎物产生恐惧,从而影响猎物的分布和采食频率等。恐惧导致的实际生态后果可能与直接猎杀一样强烈。对传粉昆虫而言,恐惧能使传粉者避开危险的采食环境,从而干扰植物传粉,影响植物的适合度。然而在有多种捕食者存在和不同食物质量的自然环境下,恐惧是如何影响传粉者行为的尚不清楚。中科院西双版纳热带植物园化学生态研究组谭垦博士领导的团队利用大小2种不同的胡蜂捕食蜜蜂的实验,对这个问题进行了深入的研究。

研究结果表明:1.当胡蜂接近蜂群时,东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)能通过结团(ball)杀死胡蜂。参与攻击大型胡蜂(Vespa tropica)的蜜蜂数量是攻击小型胡蜂(Vespa velutina)的4.5倍。对蜜蜂而言大型的胡蜂更危险。2.当供给相同浓度糖浆时,蜂群的采集力分配、个体的采食频次及停留时间随危险程度而降低。3.当供给不同浓度糖浆时,蜜蜂群体和个体都更偏好高质量的食物;但当需要平衡食物质量与捕食风险时,两者都会减少对高风险区域(无论食物质量)的拜访,但蜜蜂群体比个体表现出更多的恐惧。对比群体和个体对捕食风险的不同表现能够解释捕食者是如何影响社会性蜜蜂的传粉行为的。

相关研究成果以Fearful Foragers: Honey Bees Tune Colony and Individual Foraging to Multi-Predator Presence and Food Quality为题发表在PLoS ONE上。在线发表在后引起了人们的广泛关注,多家媒体对该研究结果做了报道和评论(生物谷Bioon.com)。

生物谷推荐的英文摘要


PLoS ONE         DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075841

Fearful Foragers: Honey Bees Tune Colony and Individual Foraging to Multi-Predator Presence and Food Quality

Ken Tan mail, Zongwen Hu, Weiwen Chen, Zhengwei Wang, Yuchong Wang, James C. Nieh

Fear can have strong ecosystem effects by giving predators a role disproportionate to their actual kill rates. In bees, fear is shown through foragers avoiding dangerous food sites, thereby reducing the fitness of pollinated plants. However, it remains unclear how fear affects pollinators in a complex natural scenario involving multiple predator species and different patch qualities. We studied hornets, Vespa velutina (smaller) and V. tropica (bigger) preying upon the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana in China. Hornets hunted bees on flowers and were attacked by bee colonies. Bees treated the bigger hornet species (which is 4 fold more massive) as more dangerous. It received 4.5 fold more attackers than the smaller hornet species. We tested bee responses to a three-feeder array with different hornet species and varying resource qualities. When all feeders offered 30% sucrose solution (w/w), colony foraging allocation, individual visits, and individual patch residence times were reduced according to the degree of danger. Predator presence reduced foraging visits by 55–79% and residence times by 17–33%. When feeders offered different reward levels (15%, 30%, or 45% sucrose), colony and individual foraging favored higher sugar concentrations. However, when balancing food quality against multiple threats (sweeter food corresponding to higher danger), colonies exhibited greater fear than individuals. Colonies decreased foraging at low and high danger patches. Individuals exhibited less fear and only decreased visits to the high danger patch. Contrasting individual with emergent colony-level effects of fear can thus illuminate how predators shape pollination by social bees.

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