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保持良好的生活习惯可延缓大脑退化

  1. 大脑

来源:新华网 2012-11-18 10:34

美国一项最新研究表明,保持良好的生活习惯不仅可避免肥胖,预防高血压和糖尿病,还可延缓大脑退化。 保持良好生活习惯指不吸烟,不酗酒,远离“垃圾”食品,经常运动,控制血压与血糖等。 加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员分析了平均年龄54岁的1352名志愿者的健康数据,其中包括血压、胆固醇和血糖水平、体重和腰围,并对他们做脑部核磁共振成像扫描以及智力测试,整个研究持续达10年。

美国一项最新研究表明,保持良好的生活习惯不仅可避免肥胖,预防高血压和糖尿病,还可延缓大脑退化。

保持良好生活习惯指不吸烟,不酗酒,远离“垃圾”食品,经常运动,控制血压与血糖等。

加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员分析了平均年龄54岁的1352名志愿者的健康数据,其中包括血压、胆固醇和血糖水平、体重和腰围,并对他们做脑部核磁共振成像扫描以及智力测试,整个研究持续达10年。

研究人员发现,吸烟、高血压、糖尿病及体重超标都是导致大脑退化的潜在因素:对高血压患者来说,大脑在计划与决策方面的能力会随着血压升高而急速下降;对中年糖尿病患者而言,大脑中负责记忆的海马区功能衰退速度要快于未得糖尿病的人;对吸烟者来说,大脑容量的缩减速度也较快,尤其是海马区的衰退速度更是快于其他人;对中年肥胖症患者来说,大脑行政决策的能力往往低于体重正常的人。

该大学下属阿尔茨海默氏症中心主任德卡利表示,虽然大脑退化是自然现象,不可避免,但保持良好的生活习惯能延缓大脑退化。

研究报告刊登在8月2日出版的《神经学》(Neurology)杂志上。(生物谷 Bioon.com)

Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline

S. Debette, MD, PhD, S. Seshadri, MD, A. Beiser, PhD, R. Au, PhD, J.J. Himali, MS, C. Palumbo, PhD, P.A. Wolf, MD and C. DeCarli, MD

Objective: Our aim was to test the association of vascular risk factor exposure in midlife with progression of MRI markers of brain aging and measures of cognitive decline. Methods: A total of 1,352 participants without dementia from the prospective Framingham Offspring Cohort Study were examined. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were implemented to study the association of midlife vascular risk factor exposure with longitudinal change in white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), total brain volume (TBV), temporal horn volume, logical memory delayed recall, visual reproductions delayed-recall (VR-d), and Trail-Making Test B-A (TrB-A) performance a decade later. Results: Hypertension in midlife was associated with accelerated WMHV progression (p < 0.001) and worsening executive function (TrB-A score; p = 0.012). Midlife diabetes and smoking were associated with a more rapid increase in temporal horn volume, a surrogate marker of accelerated hippocampal atrophy (p = 0.017 and p = 0.008, respectively). Midlife smoking also predicted a more marked decrease in total brain volume (p = 0.025) and increased risk of extensive change in WMHV (odds ratio = 1.58 [95%confidence interval 1.07–2.33], p = 0.021). Obesity in midlife was associated with an increased risk of being in the top quartile of change in executive function (1.39 [1.02–1.88], p = 0.035) and increasing waist-to-hip ratio was associated with marked decline in TBV (10.81 [1.44–81.01], p = 0.021). Longitudinal changes in brain structure were significantly correlated with decline in memory and executive function. Conclusions: Midlife hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity were associated with an increased rate of progression of vascular brain injury, global and hippocampal atrophy, and decline in executive function a decade later.

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